PAL/2244
(Reissued as acquired)
GENEVA, 3 November (United Nations Workplace at Geneva) — Journalists, media specialists, policymakers and students gathered for the opening of the twenty‑ninth annual Worldwide Media Seminar on Peace within the Center East in the present day, held in Room XXVI on the Palais des Nations in Geneva.
Organized by the United Nations Division of World Communications, the Seminar takes place over two days, with the 2022 panel discussions exploring the themes “Honouring the legacy of Shireen Abu Akleh: Defending journalists protecting the battle”; “Forgotten tales within the Israeli-Palestinian battle: how political information eclipses protection of financial challenges”; and “Younger journalists: alternatives and challenges.”
Welcoming the Director Normal, Tatiana Valovaya, panellists and audio system and individuals to Geneva, MELISSA FLEMING, Below‑Secretary‑Normal for World Communications, opened the seminar by studying a message from, ANTÓNIO GUTERRES, Secretary-Normal of the United Nations: “For over three many years, this gathering has served as an vital house for fostering dialogue and deepening understanding for peace. In the present day, we face a particularly difficult setting of rising violence, escalating tensions, and quite a few civilian deaths. Amongst these lately killed was veteran Al Jazeera journalist Shireen Abu Akleh… I used to be appalled by her killing and reiterate my name for an unbiased and clear investigation for efficient accountability.
All assaults in opposition to journalists should finish. Media employees should be capable of perform their very important work freely and with out harassment….or the worry of being focused…. we should pursue each avenue to revitalize the peace course of. There is no such thing as a credible different to a two-State resolution with Israel and Palestine dwelling side-by-side in peace and safety, based mostly on the 1967 borders, and with Jerusalem because the capital of each states. Your work is a vital pillar for peace and a reminder of the pivotal function of free and unbiased media. Your actions and dedication display the facility of phrases over weapons and assist hold hope alive…”
AMBASSADOR WOLFGANG AMADEUS BRÜLHART, Swiss Envoy for the Center East and North Africa, stated on political, social, digital and local weather ranges, the world was caught in a dynamic of instability which resulted in an emergence of latest tensions and conflicts. He outlined his personal journey in direction of attaining peace, starting in 1996 in Sarajevo. Switzerland was satisfied that solely a two-state resolution, negotiated by either side, might result in an enduring peace between Israelis and Palestinians. Switzerland was supporting and selling dialogue platforms in the principle areas, and was supporting the human-led peace course of. In a couple of weeks, Switzerland can be a member of the United Nations safety council for the primary time in its historical past. Yesterday was the worldwide day to finish impunity for crimes in opposition to journalists. Journalists wanted to be protected in all circumstances. Mr. BRÜLHART thanked the journalists current for all their efforts and commitments to peace.
CHEIKH NIANG, Everlasting Consultant of Senegal to the United Nations, Chairman of the Committee on the Train of the Inalienable Rights of
the Palestinian Individuals, stated in Could this 12 months, the world watched in shock as information networks confirmed footage from the funeral of Shireen Abu Akleh, Al-Jazeera’s veteran correspondent; an outrageous act, and assault on media freedom. By outreach efforts with the Member States, the Committee advocated for the implementation of the worldwide consensus based mostly on two States, Israel and Palestine, dwelling side-by-side in peace and safety inside the 1967 borders and with East Jerusalem because the Palestinian capital. The Committee confronted many challenges, together with that of countering misinformation on the query of Palestine.
Among the outreach actions by the Committee included managing the United Nations Info System, which contained over 40,000 United Nations paperwork on the query of Palestine and the seek for peace. The Committee’s social media included Twitter, Fb, Instagram, and YouTube channels, the place data was disseminated to achieve international audiences. Excessive-profile digital occasions held this 12 months mentioned vital points, together with the influence of Israeli settlements on Palestinian rights, with all actions reside solid on UNTV and social media. The Committee additionally cooperated with civil society and organised the annual observance of the Worldwide Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian Individuals.
Mr. Niang stated fashionable expertise meant that credible and modern younger journalists had the most effective instruments out there to research occasions and report on them to broad audiences. Concurrently, a ferocious battle was waged throughout social media platforms over “faux information” or “hate speech.” The availability of correct details about a battle was a precedence, and sustaining a tradition {of professional} journalism was essential. For that reason, in July 2022, the Committee organized a two-day Communication Technique Workshop for media and public relations officers of the Authorities of the State of Palestine. The Committee advocated for a decision of the query of Palestine based mostly on an finish to the Israeli occupation and a two-State resolution, and would stay a dependable companion of the media.
MELISSA FLEMING stated that for the previous thirty-one years, the seminar had helped foster medias’ contribution to the hunt for a peaceable settlement to the Israeli-Palestinian battle, and was a possibility to research and be taught from the newest media occasions and tendencies. Comprising of three panel discussions, the seminar can be a two-day marathon of exchanges, led by an esteemed pool of distinguished specialists, and the viewers, throughout interactive query and reply classes.
The Worldwide Media Seminar on Peace within the Center East will reconvene at 10:30 a.m. on Friday, 4 November, to carry its second panel dialogue.
Panel I: Honouring the legacy of Shireen Abu Akleh: Defending journalists protecting the battle
The day started with the panel dialogue “Honouring the legacy of Shireen Abu Akleh: Defending journalists protecting the battle”. Moderated by Melissa Fleming, the dialogue featured shows by Gideon Levy, Columnist and a member of the editorial board* Haaretz*; Riyad Mansour, Everlasting Observer of the State of Palestine to the United Nations and; Denis Masmejean, Secretary Normal of Reporters With out Borders, Switzerland.
MELISSA FLEMING stated yesterday was the Worldwide Day to Finish Impunity for Crimes Towards Journalists, and started by studying a quote from the Secretary-Normal’s message on the day: “A free press is significant to a functioning democracy, exposing wrongdoing, navigating our advanced world, and advancing the Sustainable Growth Objectives. But, greater than 70 journalists have been killed this 12 months merely for fulfilling this function in society. Most of those crimes go unsolved. In the meantime, a report variety of journalists are incarcerated in the present day, whereas threats of imprisonment, violence, and dying continue to grow.”
Ms. FLEMING stated that Shireen Abu Akleh was one of many seventy journalists that the world misplaced this 12 months and a reminder of the dangers that many journalists confronted doing their jobs. The panel was devoted to her legacy; she can be remembered as a trailblazer for Palestinian and Arab journalists, in addition to girls journalists. The panel would additionally discover the required measures to create a secure setting for all media employees in that a part of the world.
After introducing the panellists, Ms. v requested how the world might finest commemorate the legacy of Shireen Abu Akleh? What had been the teachings discovered from her life; and the teachings discovered from her dying?
Mr. LEVY stated the easiest way to commemorate Shireen was to search out Israel accountable for her homicide. Shireen was not the primary Palestinian journalist who had been killed and he or she wouldn’t be the final. It was anticipated the worldwide group would commemorate her reminiscence, but additionally be certain that Israel was held accountable for her dying. As a result of Shireen was an American, this introduced a novel alternative; there was curiosity from america, and protests around the globe, nevertheless this was not sufficient. Israel first denied the homicide, then responded vaguely, after which admitted that Shireen had doubtlessly been killed by Israeli troopers, earlier than downplaying the state of affairs. Nevertheless, the solider who killed her knew he was killing a journalist, as she was sporting a Press vest.
The legacy of Shireen was to proceed to cowl the Palestinian destiny. The world was dropping curiosity within the battle; there have been new points to take care of. Israel had labelled any criticism concerning the occupation as anti-sematic; a tactic which was working properly. This introduced a significant violation of free speech within the West. Within the framework of a homicide of a journalist, the world wanted to be told about what was occurring. The occupation was there and was not a brief phenomenon. Israel was an apartheid state, and there was no intention to finish to the occupation. Shireen’s legacy was to proceed to power folks to grasp what was occurring. The reality was in peril and the world should not hold silent. Apathy and ignorance had been the largest enemies.
Mr. MANSOUR stated Shireen Abu Akleh was the legacy of the Palestinian folks, who gave her life for advancing justice for the Palestinian folks. The Safety Council had been united in approving the assertion condemning her killing, asking for an unbiased investigation and justice. The Israeli occupiers killed her, and justice wanted to be served. The United Nations shouldn’t relaxation till those that had killed her had been delivered to justice. Greater than 200 younger Palestinian journalists had graduated via a United Nations programme, which was now to be named because the Shireen Abu Akleh programme. Individuals had forgotten concerning the Palestinians, however the query of Palestine would by no means be forgotten. The Palestinians had been ready for 55 years because the occupation; they’d not break. That they had been frequently examined and had change into a accountable and certified State, but there have been nonetheless those that had been blocking their efforts to change into a member inside the United Nations Safety Council. The State of Palestine needs to be admitted to the Safety Council, to guard the 2 State resolution which was being destroyed by the Israeli occupation. Many distinguished organisations believed that the occupation was apartheid, whereas many States nonetheless didn’t have the braveness to make use of the phrase.
To have justice, peace and equity, the Palestinian folks wanted to be allowed to go to establishments together with the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice. A number of questions wanted to be addressed: What had been the authorized penalties for States and the United Nations below an extended occupation? What had been the authorized implications of those that denied the Palestinian folks the rights to self-determination? What had been the authorized penalties of a state of affairs through which the Palestinian folks had been dwelling below, specifically discrimination? If the worldwide group didn’t deal with Palestine pretty, they’d be pushed to go the larger home, and the worldwide group would wish to pay attention. Mr. Mansour stated there was hope for peace; Palestine wanted an opportunity to reside and to be free.
Mr. MASMEJEAN started by sending a message of sympathy to Shireen’s household. He felt and shared the ache of those that labored along with her, knew her, and cherished her. Yesterday was the nationwide day for ending crimes of impunity in opposition to journalists. The start of impunity meant that details wanted to be established independently. Journalists who had been protecting armed battle had been protected by worldwide humanitarian legislation as civilians, and as such, shouldn’t be focused.
The worldwide channel, significantly the Worldwide Felony Courtroom was now the final hope, and a grievance had been filed by Shireen’s household. The prosecutor of the Worldwide Felony Courtroom had already been requested to research the bombing of Gaza in 2021, in addition to the fee of conflict crimes by the Israeli military in 2018. Worldwide justice provided the final hope for justice to be executed.
Within the second spherical of discussions, Ms. FLEMING requested panellists concerning the different obstacles confronted by journalists in protecting the battle, beside bodily risks?
Mr. LEVY stated in 1993 a mission was organised to Sarajevo which was below siege, and he had confronted substantial risks there as a journalist. Typically in Israel, journalists didn’t face bodily threats or stress from the federal government or the key companies. What was confronted was the betrayal of colleagues within the mission. The Israeli media was the largest collaborator with the Israeli occupation, not due to ideologies or pressures, however on account of pursuits and since the readers didn’t need to know. This enabled the unbelievable state of affairs through which many Israelis took pleasure within the morality of Israel, whereas near their properties, crimes in opposition to humanity had been going down each day.
It was troublesome to interrupt this coalition of silence. The result was clear; the Israeli society was dwelling in denial. Israelis weren’t accountable for something. If anybody tried to interrupt the wall of denial, they had been thought-about a traitor and a liar. This was the framework confronted by Israeli journalists who wished to cowl the occupation in knowledgeable, moderately than a political, means. The most important corruption of Israel was denial and the media was the principle one liable for this. By no means within the historical past of the occupation was Israel blamed for any acts instantly within the media. Alternatively, if a Palestinian shot somebody, it could be labelled as homicide, even when it was executed so in self-defence. The language used was twisted, and it was very onerous to observe the mainstream Israeli media. Mr Levy stated with conviction, that there was nothing cheaper in Israeli media than the lifetime of a Palestinian. The Israelis accepted this, which was the principle impediment in Israel.
Ms. FLEMING requested concerning the response to Mr. LEVY’s column concerning the Israeli occupation from the Israeli public?
Mr. LEVY stated the response differed. In instances of conflict, corresponding to in Gaza in 2014, he had required bodyguards after writing concerning the crimes of Israeli pilots in Gaza. Nevertheless, normally, apathy was his largest enemy. If folks had been livid, he had touched on a delicate challenge, however in instances of apathy, he had all the liberty he wished, which shouldn’t be taken with no consideration.
Mr. MANSOUR stated through the years, 55 Palestinian journalists had been murdered by the Israeli occupation. There have been troublesome situations for Palestinian journalists to cowl assaults by Israeli authorities. Responding to Mr. LEVY, Mr. MANSOUR suggested him to shadow journalists to see what was occurring by the hands of the Israeli occupation, which might enable him to carry out his responsibility, whereas additionally offering them with safety. The problem of safety was immense; within the West Financial institution alone, this 12 months had seen 7000 folks injured, and the biggest quantity killed to date. Israelis needs to be inventive when it comes to visa conditions; Palestine might assist them to report their actuality and their lives below occupation.
Everybody needed to do one thing; the Palestinian folks shouldn’t be left to outlive below the ruthless occupation. There have been many Israeli media conniving with the occupation to inform the improper story. What number of extra 1000’s of Palestinians wanted to be killed or imprisoned? Nobody individual would be capable of right the coverage of apartheid. Apartheid was defeated in two States in historical past; in South Africa and in america. This meant it could additionally not succeed within the third case the place it was attempting to present itself, which was in Israel. If Israel and Palestine descended additional into the one State actuality, the worldwide group wouldn’t be capable of carry the load.
Mr. MASMEJEAN stated journalists confronted extra difficulties in Israel, which was linked to the tensions of the battle. There was navy censorship in Israel when safety was at stake. The Gaza strip was harmful for journalists and for press freedom.
The ground then opened for discussions from the viewers. Taking the ground, individuals, amongst different issues condemned the homicide of Shireen Abu Akleh particularly as she was sporting a press vest clearly figuring out herself because the media. It was beneficial that her case be introduced earlier than the Worldwide Felony Courtroom of Justice. The legacy of Shireen wanted to proceed, and a focus given to the Palestinian trigger. The safety of all reporters was paramount. 86 p.c of crimes in opposition to journalists had been left with out prosecutors. With out conveying actuality, all democracies and all simply causes can be in danger.
Audio system additionally stated there have been many nice journalists within the Center East who weren’t celebrated sufficient. It was vital to honour journalists and name for his or her safety. A participant requested if safety occurred pre, throughout or put up abuse? Palestinian journalists wanted to outline what safety was. Audio system addressed Mr. Levy, asking if he felt that Israelis believed in peace with Palestinians and interacting collectively?
Responding to questions, Mr. LEVY stated the reply was not easy, and stemmed from classes taught at a younger age. Israelis had misplaced religion in peace and what it meant. Peace by itself couldn’t be the goal; there would by no means be peace with out justice. For a few years, it had been felt that the nationwide sentiments of the typical Palestinians had been for everybody to reside collectively in dignity. This was not the nationwide sentiment in Israel; they wished separation.
Responding to questions, Mr. MANSOUR stated it was not a actuality to count on Palestinians to method Israelis for peace. The worldwide group ought to convene and power them to barter, as had occurred prior to now. There was no plan B for the 2 State resolution. If Israel continued to dominate Palestinian rights, this was not thought-about being collectively as equal entities. Everybody had a accountability to push Israel and Palestine in direction of peace and in direction of dwelling collectively as two unbiased States.
Mr. MASMEJEAN stated safety of journalists utilized earlier than, after or throughout something. Crucial factor was to struggle impunity. The start of impunity was to determine the details, which was not straightforward. If details weren’t established, justice couldn’t be executed.
A speaker famous that the Secretary Normal reported on the Palestinian occupied territories and there was no customary language on violations in opposition to journalists; why didn’t the Secretary Normal take initiatives and set up a brand new mechanism which targeted on the security of journalists in conflicts?
Ms. FLEMING stated she would take this query to the Secretary Normal, who had spoken passionately concerning the security of journalists, in addition to justice and an finish to impunity. He wish to strengthen these efforts. Different elements of the United Nations system had been lively in establishing ideas, talking out and following up.
Panel II: Forgotten tales within the Israeli-Palestinian battle: how political information eclipses protection of financial challenges
The second panel of the day targeted on the subject ”Forgotten tales within the Israeli-Palestinian battle: how political information eclipses protection of financial challenges.” The panel was moderated by Nanette Braun, Chief, Communication Campaigns Service, Campaigns and Nation Operations Division, United Nations Division of World Communications, with discussions from panellists together with Professor Edmund Gharib, Professor, American College; Dalia Hatuqa, Multimedia journalist specializing in Israeli/Palestinian affairs, and; David Rosenburg, Enterprise Editor Haaretz.
Ms. BRAUN stated nearly all of media protection in battle zones tended to concentrate on political developments and tendencies, ignoring the financial situations that affected folks’s lives. There have been journalists who devoted their reporting to the economic system, however in disaster and battle conditions they had been a minority, and their reporting hardly ever dominated the headlines. The COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict on Ukraine had an unprecedented influence on international and nationwide economies and had severely disrupted commerce, and brought on extreme disaster in meals, and vitality provides.
These crises strongly affected the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel as properly, but hardly dominated the media narrative. Poverty continued to deepen within the Occupied Palestinian Territory; multiple third of the inhabitants now lived under the poverty line. Meals insecurity had elevated from 9% to 23% within the West Financial institution, and from 50% to 53% in Gaza. There was evidently a narrative that wanted pressing consideration, but was underreported. How one can handle this is able to be mentioned with the panel of specialists.
After introducing the panellists, Ms. BRAUN requested if the COVID-19, inflation, meals, and vitality crises didn’t enhance financial journalism, what would? How might the case be made for elevated financial reporting within the context of the Israeli-Palestinian battle? What wanted to occur and who had been the important thing gamers? Why was it vital to observe on the financial state of affairs on this context?
Mr. GHARIB stated points like COVID-19 had undoubtedly impacted the lives of individuals and the economic system, as had the conflict in Ukraine. In keeping with UNCTAD, the cumulative value of restrictions imposed within the West Financial institution financial institution was estimated at 57.7 billions {dollars}. Israel’s management of the occupied territory had led to shrinkage of the Palestinian economic system and the encirclement of Palestinian villages with Israeli settlements. Israel usually defended its place within the title of safety, and blamed the Palestinians for their very own deprivations. Even sympathetic information targeted on the lack of life, moderately than the injury to the economic system. Israel had no incentive to commit sources to alleviate the state of affairs in West Financial institution, and as an alternative pressured its authorities for additional land confiscations and larger sources, which was hardly ever coated by the media. This challenge didn’t have a world viewers, not like the bombing of Gaza.
Considerably, makes an attempt to alleviate the struggling of the Palestinians had been negatively seen as an alternative choice to overcoming the occupation. Bettering financial circumstances of the Palestinians may very well be seen as a diversion, which hindered political progress. Problems with violence had been seen as “horny” and had been extra possible to attract a bigger viewers. Poverty statistics didn’t seize the headlines. The decline in international correspondence was additionally a difficulty. American publications didn’t require specialised journalists, not like these in Europe. This all had an influence on the protection being reported.
Ms. HATUQA stated the financial state of affairs in Palestine and the occupied territories was reflective of the political panorama. Politics and economics went hand in hand. Palestinians didn’t need to concentrate on the economic system as a lot, as there had been makes an attempt by political events to concentrate on financial peace, which was a technique to bypass the political state of affairs. Financial peace had been occurring for a very long time. There was a perception amongst donors that after the economic system was fastened, issues can be higher politically; nevertheless, this was not the case.
Ms. HATUQA believed that attempting to bypass the political state of affairs by specializing in the economic system, took away the understanding that the peace course of had executed nothing however churn the identical concepts frequently, with out tangible outcomes. Whereas the economic system was nonetheless essential, the foundation of all of this was the political stagnation. Though assist was an vital device, this got here with restrictions or with an concept from the get together offering the help. For that reason, some organisations purposefully refused assist and solely accepted completely different sorts of assist.
Mr. ROSENBURG stated the financial challenge was essential to the state of affairs in Palestine and to the prospect of any form of peace. On the bottom, financial misery was a giant consider Palestinian life, which impacted abnormal Palestinians each day. This was seen as much less dramatic by the media, besides in conditions of battle, which elicited extra curiosity. One of many key points was the state of the Palestinian authority, which was unsustainable, and will have vital reverberations all through the Palestinian economic system and large political implications. It was exceptional that the media didn’t report on these points in any respect.
Economics was a giant a part of the occupation. A key challenge was the extent that financial misery contributed to tensions and violence. The media took its cues from political management. In Israel, the Prime Minister was capable of resolve via affect, the foremost points impacting the nation. A doc launched by Donald Trump’s Whitehouse stated that the issue may very well be solved by financial points; if prosperity may very well be delivered to Palestine, peace would observe. This was negatively acquired by Palestinians. Typically, there was little curiosity around the globe in financial information, besides because it instantly pertained to the readers. Lebanon was a uncommon case the place economics was dramatic, and had resulted in in depth media protection. Necessary as they had been, financial points usually had been quick modified.
Ms. BRAUN stated requested concerning the altering media panorama and the way this polarisation was making balanced financial information reporting tougher?
Mr. ROSENBURG stated on the whole financial tales had been getting tougher to cowl. There was much less protection on financial points, and the Overseas Press Corp was much less established than it had been beforehand. Information was way more pushed by viewers demand and curiosity; economics was a troublesome promote. Now it was straightforward to know immense element about what folks had been studying and watching and the way a lot time they spent consuming the actual story. When contemplating the financial state of affairs in a far-off place corresponding to Palestine, that had no influence on the remainder of the world, curiosity vanished rapidly. The conflict in Ukraine was an exception, because of the nation’s excessive degree of wheat exports. Mr. ROSENBURG was sceptical of the flexibility of journalists to lift the profile of the financial state of affairs in Israel and Palestine.
Ms. HATUQA stated there was a reporting fatigue which contributed to poor media protection. There have been a number of disaster within the Center East which had been “bloodier” which took oxygen away from the difficulty. It was additionally depending on the financial problem at hand. Ms. HATUQA referred to Bethlehem within the context of Christmas time significantly, saying it was troublesome to maintain relaying the identical messages to folks and for them to care. There have been nonetheless matters to be explored, however there weren’t room for almost all of financial tales, which made it troublesome for journalists protecting these tales to clarify these conditions correctly.
Mr. GHARIB stated there had been many revolutionary adjustments. The variety of newspapers, significantly in Western societies, had declined. The monopolisation of the media was additionally vital; increasingly more shops had been shopping for one another which was reworking the best way the media did its work. One other change going down was that journalists had been turning into nearer to choice makers. They had been influencing and being influenced by governments, and had been getting used to ship messages to the general public. There had additionally been a decline in investigative journalism, which had undermined the credibility of the media. It was additionally vital to notice the “McDonald-isation” of reports; the elevated concentrate on leisure, which undermined the best way the media coated sure points.
Ms. BRAUN stated that financial journalism was not all the time straightforward to digest. It was thought-about dry and onerous to grasp and clarify to audiences. How might journalists and media organizations overcome this problem?
Ms. HATUQA stated she usually needed to couple financial information with other forms of tales, or put it within the context of the political state of affairs. Individuals wanted to be supplied with the form of data that they had been prepared and able to consuming. A means to do that was via matters that folks had been concerned about, corresponding to start-ups, or group philanthropy, which had a human component.
Mr. ROSENBURG stated this was not a simple job. A method to do that was to tie economics to political points, which might appeal to folks’s curiosity. Abnormal readers weren’t concerned about numbers. One other challenge was terminology; many individuals didn’t perceive phrases used or why they had been vital. Most financial points had been transferring slowly and due to this fact it was onerous to search out dramatic content material to report on. It was onerous to report on financial tales as a standalone and clarify why the reader ought to care.
Mr. GHARIB stated over the previous decade, the picture of Arabs within the media had declined. Israelis had been seen as the nice guys inside the media and Palestinians had been seen because the dangerous ones; Israel was seen as an extension of the West. A big improvement was Jewish correspondents being vital of the Israeli occupation. Extra lately there had been a change; extra folks had been prepared to threat punishment for supporting Palestinians.
Ms. BRAUN then opened the ground to the viewers. Audio system stated amongst different issues, that whereas financial reporting wouldn’t all the time be the lead story, the web meant that the content material may very well be related for time to come back.
Responding to feedback, Ms. HATUQA stated she had beforehand written tales which make clear the financial state of affairs in Jerusalem by including a human component, taking it again to the grassroots.
Mr. GHARIB stated there have been greater than 60 legal guidelines which discriminated in opposition to Palestinians, together with citizenship. There didn’t appear to be many Israeli politicians who wished to see change.
Mr. ROSENBURG stated the case of Palestine wouldn’t be solved by public opinion. As a substitute, the difficulty can be whether or not coverage makers made the choice. Coverage makers didn’t must be reached via the mass media, however moderately different extra area of interest media shops, such because the Economist.
For data media. Not an official report.
